Another sun-drenched morning began with our long-anticipated visit to the splendid Mansion House, the Palladian residence of the Lord Mayor in the ancient City of London—that enduring “Square Mile” whose boundaries still echo the footprint of Roman Londinium.
Designed by George Dance the Younger, the building unfolds with quiet authority: grand reception rooms, glittering chandeliers, and, above all, the remarkable Egyptian Hall—despite its name, far more Roman in spirit than anything of the Nile. It is a space built not merely for ceremony, but for power made visible.
Our guide, a knowledgeable young Polish woman, led us through these interiors with clarity and enthusiasm. At one moment, by happy chance, my wife encountered the Lady Mayor, Dame Susan Langley, who was born and raised in east London, in the heart of what is traditionally considered Cockney country. A light-hearted exchange followed: my wife asked whether she could ride in the Lord Mayor’s coach, which her own ancestor, Cipriani, had adorned with his allegorical paintings. The Lady Mayor replied, gently but firmly, “No, I’m afraid not. I was only able to ride it once myself.” On the subject of titles, she explained that although she is now formally and explicitly a woman, the office remains Mayor—though tradition now allows for the style Lady Mayor. Here, history and modernity meet, gracefully.
The Mansion House is, in truth, less a home than an embassy: the symbolic heart of the City. The Lord Mayor—elected annually by the ancient livery companies—serves as its ambassador, promoting the financial and civic life of London across the world. This role contrasts with the directly elected Sadiq Khan, who governs Greater London as an executive authority, chosen by the wider electorate for a fixed term. Around this structure lies yet another layer: the boroughs, each with their mixture of ceremonial and, in some cases, executive mayors—evidence that London remains, even now, a federation of historic communities rather than a single, uniform entity.
Leaving behind this world of civic splendour, we travelled westward on the Elizabeth line, tracing a path from the ancient core of the capital to its outer reaches, and beyond, to Reading.
Reading revealed itself as a town of quiet prosperity—Victorian brick alongside modern glass, a place where commerce and history sit comfortably together. The Reading Museum proved a delight: housed in a fine Victorian building, its galleries guide the visitor from medieval life through to the early twentieth century. Upstairs an extraordinary full-scale reproduction of the Bayeux tapestry, embroidered – for it is actually an embroidery and not a tapestry – by thirty five women under the direction of Elizabeth Wardle in the late Victorian age, stretches along the wall—so finely executed that one feels momentarily transported to Normandy, witnessing the unfolding drama of the Battle of Hastings and the fall and death of King Harold. Indeed I am told that it is easier to follow than the original in France for it clearly is less faded and worn. In the museum’s top floor are large mosaics from the nearby Roman city of Silchesteris, a natural history section and an art gallery.
It was in the heat of the afternoon—approaching thirty degrees—that we made our way into the gentle calm of the Forbury Gardens with its flowers, bandstand and mighty lion, a war memorial for the 66th (Berkshire) Regiment which suffered heavy losses at the Battle of Maiwand in Afghanistan in 1880 during the Second Anglo-Afghan war. So it clearly wasn’t dealing the recent disasters in that part of the world but…. plus ca change. Beyond them we found the evocative ruins of Reading Abbey.
Here, the tone of the day shifted.
Once among the greatest monasteries in Europe, the abbey stood as a centre of learning, music, manuscript production, and royal patronage. Among its cultural treasures was the remarkable rota “Sumer Is Icumen In”, later echoed by Benjamin Britten in his Spring Symphony, often regarded as one of the earliest surviving examples of polyphony in English music.
Yet what confronts the visitor now is not merely ruin, but something closer to erasure.
The surviving fragments—the huge jagged walls of the infirmary, the refectory, the chapter house—still suggest former grandeur. But of the abbey church itself, there is virtually nothing. No nave, no sculpted façade, no altar. no pier or arcade, no carved detail survives. Not a single figure, not even a fragment of decorative richness, meets the eye. The effect is stark: grandeur reduced to outline, magnificence translated into absence. It is, in the truest sense, a grandly sad place.
This absence is the legacy of the Dissolution of the Monasteries, carried out under Henry VIII. Between 1536 and 1541, roughly 800 religious houses across England were dissolved. Their lands were seized, their communities dispersed, and their buildings frequently stripped for materials or left to decay.
At Reading, the human cost is as striking as the architectural loss. The last abbot, Hugh Faringdon, was executed in 1539 on charges of treason—charges inseparable from resistance to the king’s religious policies. Later recognised as a martyr, his fate lingers here, giving the ruins a deeper resonance.
It is difficult not to hear, in these broken walls, an echo of William Shakespeare’s haunting line: “bare ruin’d choirs, where late the sweet birds sang.” The image is uncannily apt. Those “choirs” were once filled with voices—the ordered, rising cadences of monastic chant. Now, like the abbey itself, they are silent.
The scale of destruction in England was remarkable, though not identical to what occurred elsewhere in Europe. In parts of the German lands, the majority of monastic churches were adapted for Protestant use. In France, widespread destruction came later, during the upheavals of the French Revolution. In countries such as Italy and Spain, most medieval abbeys survive to this day, forming a remarkable historical heritage and drawing visitors from around the world. It is precisely this preservation of religious buildings that makes them such cherished cultural destinations. England, once equally rich in abbeys, suffered cataclysmic destruction during the Dissolution, leaving fragments like Reading to hint at what was lost.
That nation’s case was distinctive for its speed, administrative efficiency, and economic motive. Abbeys became quarries; their stones travelled into bridges, houses, and civic buildings. What was lost was not only architecture, but an entire cultural ecosystem—libraries, music, learning, hostels, centres of pilgrimages, places of healing and continuity. ‘Dissolution’ is a misnomer, it was more a ‘destruction’. Yet many of these places survive spiritually and factually to this day: learning in the universities of Oxford and Cambridge, infirmaries in the hospital of Saint Barts, libraries in several of our cathedrals.
Survival took also other time forms. In more remote settings—such as Fountains Abbey or Tintern Abbey—distance spared these structures from total dismantling. They endure as some of the most beautiful ruins in Europe, their aesthetic shaped as much by loss as by preservation, their presence inspiring poets like Wordsworth and painters like Turner.
Standing in Reading, one cannot help but imagine an alternative history. Had the abbey survived, it might today rival Salisbury Cathedral or Gloucester Cathedral—a major ecclesiastical monument. Instead, it lingers as a shadow of its former self, its greatness inferred rather than seen.
And yet, there is something powerful in that very absence. The openness of the sky where once a vast church stood invites reflection in a way that completeness might not. It asks the visitor not only to observe, but to imagine.
By now the day had reached its height. We wandered on through gardens and quiet streets, pausing for ice cream and coffee, enjoying the simple pleasures of a warm English afternoon. And then, as the light softened, we returned once more to the Elizabeth line, carrying us back eastward.
It had been a day revealing, in a single journey, two Englands: one of continuity and ceremony, still alive in the rituals of the City; the other of rupture and loss, written into the broken stones of a vanished abbey. Between them lies a history at once magnificent and fragile—woven, like the tapestry we had seen, from many threads; yet here and there, as at Reading, the pattern breaks, and we are left to imagine what has been torn away—a quiet but poignant lesson in absence, a pilgrimage to a shrine whose saints’ relics had been dispersed or destroyed ages ago.